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bonzaa rmit based film resource |
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Academic Bibliographies and the World Wide Web[This is adapted from the guidelines for Web citation published by Adrian Miles at http://hypertext.rmit.edu.au/publications/web_citation.html] The purpose of a bibliography is two fold; to clearly document sources relied upon and used in one's own work, and to enable others to be able to find this material if they wish. The model for this is provided by existing academic practices for bibliographic citation, and the information suggested ensures that content can be as accurately validated, or found, as is possible in the variable contexts of Internet publication. It is not appropriate to model Web citational practices on existing genres, academic or creative, as a significant body of material is either mixed or indeterminate in terms of genre (indeed, this polyvocalism is a constituting feature of Internet publication). Instead it is proposed that as detailed a bibliographic citation be made of any Web references used, with the key features determined by the requirements of bibliographic convention and the recognition of Internet practice. With this in mind World Wide Web citation should consist of the following structural units: detailsAuthorAs in a journal article citation the author is the person or persons responsible for the content of the page - this should not be confused with whoever has marked the page up in HTML (HyperText Markup Language, the metalanguage of the Web). Where an author is not attributed then n.a. should be inserted and where there is an institutional author then this is the attribution according to the adopted style guide's requirements. The rules for the presentation of the author's name should be the same as the adopted style guide's requirments. In the case of the bonza site individual authors are listed in the footer of each page. Where n.a. appears the page is an 'institutional' document and so does not have a specific author. All html design and implementation is authored by Adrian Miles, unless otherwise specified, but this attribution should only be used in a reference if the content were being cited as an example of design work (as an illustration), not as an author in terms of academic publication. Database entries are not formally cited with an author as any entry may consist of a single original author and numerous later contributors. In addition due to the peer reviewing processes undertaken by student researchers in the bonza program it is more appropriate that individual record authorship be regarded as 'institutional' rather than individual. Publication DateThis is the standard publication date, generally found in the copyright notice or in the modified date declaration on a Web page. For bonza the last modified date is located in the page footer, and is separate from the the copyright date. For pages that are generated from database entries (those pages that are the result of a search request) the date in the footer is when that individual record was created or last modified and is the appropriate publication date for that page (i.e., that specific URL). Page TitleMost Web pages have a title, which is the main heading found at the top of the page. This is not necessarily the same as the title which appears within the actual window frame of your Web browser software, though it often is. Where a title is not provided n.t. should be inserted. A Web page's title is to be regarded as equivalent to the title of a journal article, though in practice there is often a substantial difference - for example a Web article may consist of several Web pages, each seperately titled. In bonza there are two forms of titling used. Within student essays in most cases an individual page title exists and this is the title that ought to be cited. This is the title that appears as the major heading beneath the generic bonza heading on an essay page. The second form of titling occurs in the bonza databases. Here, due to the way in which databases operate, it is recommended that the page title be the database name and the individual record number within the database. This is available automatically on every database page by clicking on the "cite this page" text link located at the bottom of the page. This link is only provided on pages that are produced as a result of a search within the bonza database. The page will be less than transparent to the reader, however in the context of citation it ought to be clear to the reader what the page reference relates to. Site TitleWeb pages are collected within a Web Site, and this should be included within the citation. This can be particularly important as many pages, if only referenced on the basis of their page title, can appear ambiguous in their status or content without naming the Web Site that they are a part of. A Web Site should not be confused with a Web server (which is simply the computer that delivers Web pages) for servers can easily host many Sites. In some instances a Site Title may be a document title, in other cases it might refer to an entire Web Site. The Site title is equivalent to a journal title. In the case of the bonza the formal site title is bonza: Australian and New Zealand Film Resarch. URLURL's (Uniform or Universal Resource Locater's) are the addresses, or location, of cited Web pages on the Internet. The URL that should be included in the bibliographic reference should be to the cited page, and not the Site. However, if it is the Site in general that is being referenced then the URL should be to the Site's homepage. Where several pages are referenced from a single Site then the bibliographic convention used will be determined by the style adopted according to its guidelines for multiple sections or articles from a single document. In general this would be to include each of the pages cited and a reference to the Site in general. The URL is treated as equivalent to the page number in other forms of referring. Essay pages in bonza have permanent URL's however all pages that are the result of a search of the bonza databases are dynamically generated in response to your request. The pages that detail specific records in any database in bonza contain a "cite this page" text link located at the bottom of the page. This will show you the URL for the specific record. This URL is extremely long and complex, but is the only URL that will return that specific record. Date AccessedThe date at which the page was 'read' should be included as a matter of course in all Web citations. While this is not ordinarily the case with other forms of citation the fluid and dynamic nature of the World Wide Web makes this necessary. Pages and Sites shift location, are removed, disappear, or often times are updated and so may not contain the information as originally cited. Including the date of reading provides some context for later bibliographic searches if the information is found to be missing or altered in any way. The date at which the document is considered separately from the date of publication, and it is suggested this should follow the URL as it is related to finding or retrieving the information, and in some ways can be regarded as related to issues of page numbering as an act of specific identification. All bonza pages have a date of publication located in the footer of each page. Individual record details from the bonza databases have available the dates of creation for the record. This is available on the citation detail page which is presented to the reader when the "cite this page" text link located at the bottom of each record page is followed. In general the purpose of these guidelines is to suggest what information needs to be referred to in a bibliography when citing World Wide Web documents. The particular format of the bibliographic citation is, of course, dependent on the style guide being adopted, but it is suggested that the above requirements are the minimum required to adequately locate and document such pages. The examples following are how this particular page would be referenced according to the MLA and the Australian Government Publishing Service guides. examplesMLA style guideMiles, Adrian. "Academic Bibliographies and the World Wide Web." bonza; Australian and New Zealand Film Research. 1996: http://www.bonza.rmit.edu.au/citation.php, August 28, 2008. AGPS style guideMiles, A. 1999, "Academic Bibliographies and the World Wide Web." bonza; Australian and New Zealand Film Research. http://www.bonza.rmit.edu.au/citation.php, August 28, 2008. |
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